Saturated Reactor (SR)

Saturated Reactor (SR)

•Saturated reactor is use for controlling reactive power.

•It consists of reactor and shunt capacitor bank.

•It is like a magnetic switch which control current during each half cycle.

•It is also called tapped reactor and it is single phase.

•It have multiple taps for varying the inductance according to requirements of loads.

•When it get saturated further increase in current will not cause increase in magnetic flux and when it become saturated the reactor (inductor) losses its inductance property and hence decrease in inductive reactance will allow increase in AC current flow.

•Controlling element of saturated reactor is saturable magnetic core.

•This can be controlled directly or remotely.

•Controlling winding consists of DC and it is separated from AC power.

•The advantage of Saturated reactor is it low maintenance and performance at high temperature.

•Saturated reactor is a magnetic amplifier.

•The relation between DC control volt amp and AC control volt amp is called amplification factor.

•The disadvantage of saturated reactor is its slow response.

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Synchronous condenser

Synchronous condenser

•Big advantage of synchronous condenser is their large temporary overload capability and good harmonics performance.

•Synchronous condenser is a synchronous machine which is use to generate or absorb reactive power.

•When it is absorbing power it acts like inductor and when it is generating power it acts like capacitor.

•When absorbing power it is underexcited and when generating power it is overexcited.

•Its reactive power output can be control by varying excitation current.

•It is use for shunt reactive power compensation and to improve the stability of the system and to maintain the voltage at desired limits.

•It is a type of active shunt compensation device.

•Machine generated voltage and system voltage is equal.

•Synchronous condenser is connected to power system via coupling transformer.

•Due to continuous operation machine gets heated so hydrogen cooling is use for cooling the condenser.

•Synchronous condenser are more expensive than static compensator.

•Synchronous condenser is use at HVDC terminals.

•Synchronous condenser is use at both transmission and distribution voltage levels.

•Synchronous condenser have slow speed of response.


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Improvement of transient stability using SVC

Improvement of transient stability using SVC

•The static VAR compensator (SVC) is a shunt connected FACTS device.

•SVC have two modes one is inductive mode and second is capacitive mode.

•SVC generates reactive power when the system voltage is low and maintain the power called capacitive mode.

•SVC absorbs reactive power when the system voltage is high and maintain the power called inductive mode.

•SVC are use for regulating transmission voltage and for improving power quality of industrial load.

•SVC is made from one or more banks of switched or fixed capacitor or reactor and thyristor controlled valve.

•SVC is a automatic impedance matching device.

•SVC is connected in parallel with transmission line.

•SVC have no rotating part except internal switchgear.

•SVC is installed at the line ends or at the midpoint transmission system.

•SVC is similar to asynchronous condenser but with no rotating parts.

•The susceptance of SVC is controlled by thyristor valve.

•SVC is use to bring the power factor closer to unity.

•SVC gives instantaneous response to changes in the system.

•Static VAR Compensator is more reliable than dynamic compensation scheme like synchronous condenser.

•SVC is also use for improving transient stability and dampen power swings  and reduce system losses of the system.

•Power system have three states one is steady state second is dynamic state and third is transient state.

•Transient stability is the ability of system to maintain in synchronism when subjected to disturbance.

•Disturbances like sudden change in load or switching or any fault. Since shunt compensation increase the transmittable power.

•Transient stability improvement can be estimated using equal area criterion.

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