Speed
control of three phase induction motor
•There
are two types of AC motor one is synchronous motor and second is asynchronous motor (induction motor).
•Three
phase induction motor is a self
starting motor.
•Motor
have two main parts one is stator and second is rotor.
•Speed
of three phase induction motor can be control from stator side and rotor side.
•The
main method for controlling speed of induction motor are one is by changing number of poles second is by stator voltage control third is by V/F control and fourth is by rotor resistance control.
By changing number of poles :
•This
method is use for squirrel
cage rotor motor only.
•The
number of stator poles can be change by three methods one is multiple stator winding and second is method of consequent poles and third is pole amplitude modulation.
•We
have," N_s = 120f/P
•Where,
N_s is the synchronous speed , f is the frequency , P is the number of poles.
•So by
changing the number of poles synchronous speed changes.
By stator voltage control :
•We
have,
•Torque is directly proportional to stator voltage.
•This
method is very easy and cheap but still use rarely.
•Because
by decreasing the voltage torque will reduce.
•But
this will increase current in motor which will heat the motor which is not good it
causes losses.
•Also
the torque is proportional to square
of voltage so large voltage change is required for changing torque.
By V/F control :
•We
have, N_s= 120f/P
•Where, N_s is the synchronous speed , f is the frequency , P is the number of poles.
•Also,
V=4.44φfTK
(
which means φ α V/f ).
•Where,
V is the voltage , φ is
the flux , f is the frequency , T is number of turns per phase , K is the
winding constant.
•If we
increase the frequency (f) flux (φ)
will decrease because they are inversely proportional and if we increase the
voltage (V ) flux
(φ) will increase because they are
directly proportional.
•In
this method we have to keep V/f
ratio constant.
By Rotor resistance control :
•We
have, Torque
α
slip/(rotor resistance)
•This
method is use for wound
rotor motor only.
•By adding external variable
resistance to
rotor via slip ring we can control the speed of motor.
•It
can also use as starter.
•It is
simple method.
•But
there is resistance means heat means losses means less efficiency.
